Viola baoshanensis
Accumulation profile
- Substrate
- Lead/zinc mining soils
- Habitat
- Spoil and disturbed ground at Pb/Zn mines
- Distribution
- China (Hunan, Baoshan Pb/Zn mine)
- First reported
- 2004 · Liu, Shu & Lan
- Verification
- primary-measured
Description & ecology
VALUE AS STATED AT SOURCE (Liu, Shu & Lan 2004, Chinese Science Bulletin 49:29–32, doi:10.1007/BF02901739; verbatim English abstract): field shoots at the Baoshan Pb/Zn mine, Hunan, averaged 1,168 mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW, varying 456–2,310 mg kg⁻¹ (roots: mean 981, range 233–1,846). Verified from the abstract via two independent renderings (EPA HERO; Frontiers 2025 review); full text not openly accessible.
A Cd hyperaccumulator (threshold 100 µg g⁻¹) discovered on Chinese mining soils and used in Cd-phytoextraction studies; the species was newly described in the same paper.
Data-quality note: the Chinese-language abstract renders the shoot minimum as 465 mg kg⁻¹ vs 456 in the English abstract (minimum only; the maximum is unaffected). A higher hydroponic value (~4,825 mg kg⁻¹ in nutrient solution) is reported for this species in the literature but was not verified at source and is not used here.
References
- Liu, W., Shu, W. S., & Lan, C. Y. (2004). Viola baoshanensis, a plant that hyperaccumulates cadmium. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49, 29–32. doi:10.1007/BF02901739
- Reeves, R. D., Baker, A. J. M., Jaffré, T., Erskine, P. D., Echevarria, G., & van der Ent, A. (2018). A global database for plants that hyperaccumulate metal and metalloid trace elements. New Phytologist, 218, 407–411. doi:10.1111/nph.14907