Ni

Nickel

Hyperaccumulation threshold: 1,000 µg g⁻¹ [ref] Primary

Nickel is by far the largest and best-studied hyperaccumulation group, with well over 400 known taxa. Most grow on ultramafic (serpentine) soils enriched in Ni, Co and Cr. Classic examples span the Mediterranean Odontarrhena (formerly Alyssum), New Caledonian trees such as Pycnandra acuminata, and Southeast Asian Phyllanthus and Rinorea. Several are cultivated for nickel agromining.

49 species recorded in this database; highest cited value 63,750 µg g⁻¹.

Metal Region Uptake Verify
Actephila alanbakeri Phyllanthaceae Ni Nickel 11,520 11.5× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Antidesma montis-silam Phyllanthaceae Ni Nickel 18,100 18.1× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate primary
Arachnothryx linguiformis Rubiaceae Ni Nickel 12,760 12.8× Guatemala (Sierra Santa Cruz, Juan de Paz) Obligate primary
Berkheya coddii Asteraceae Ni Nickel 11,600 11.6× South Africa (Mpumalanga) Obligate review
Berkheya zeyheri Asteraceae Ni Nickel 12,860 12.9× South Africa Obligate primary
Bornmuellera emarginata Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 34,000 34× Greece Obligate review
Bornmuellera tymphaea Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 31,200 31.2× Greece Obligate review
Chionanthus panamensis Oleaceae Ni Nickel 6,810 6.8× Guatemala (Izabal), Mexico (Chiapas) Facultative primary
Dichapetalum gelonioides Dichapetalaceae Ni Nickel 30,260 30.3× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate primary
Flacourtia kinabaluensis Salicaceae Ni Nickel 7,280 7.3× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Geissois pruinosa Cunoniaceae Ni Nickel 15,106 15.1× New Caledonia Obligate primary
Glochidion mindorense Phyllanthaceae Ni Nickel 2,280 2.3× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Homalium guillainii Salicaceae Ni Nickel 11,700 11.7× New Caledonia Obligate primary
Hybanthus floribundusshrub violet Violaceae Ni Nickel 13,500 13.5× Australia (Western Australia) Facultative review
Kibara coriacea Monimiaceae Ni Nickel 5,840 5.8× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Leucocroton flavicans Euphorbiaceae Ni Nickel 15,500 15.5× Cuba Obligate primary
Mayanaea caudata Violaceae Ni Nickel 5,390 5.4× Guatemala (Izabal) Facultative primary
Mischocarpus sundaicus Sapindaceae Ni Nickel 4,425 4.4× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Noccaea caerulescensalpine pennycress Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 12,000 12× Western & Central Europe Facultative review
Noccaea cappadocica Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 48,700 48.7× Turkey (Cappadocia) Obligate primary
Noccaea goesingensis Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 12,000 12× Austria, Central Europe Obligate review
Odontarrhena chalcidica Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 22,000 22× Balkans, Anatolia Obligate review
Odontarrhena inflata Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 2,720 2.7× Iran (western ultramafics) Obligate primary
Odontarrhena lesbiaca Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 20,000 20× Greece (Lesbos), Anatolia Obligate review
Odontarrhena muralisYellowtuft Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 20,100 20.1× Albania (Pojska), Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia Obligate primary
Odontarrhena penjwinensis Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 3,270 3.3× Iran (western ultramafics) Obligate primary
Odontarrhena serpyllifolia Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 15,000 15× Iberian Peninsula, France Obligate review
Odontarrhena vourinensis Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 18,700 18.7× Greece (Mt. Vourinos, western Macedonia) Obligate primary
Orthion guatemalense Violaceae Ni Nickel 5,100 5.1× Guatemala (Lago Izabal, endemic) Facultative primary
Orthion montanum Violaceae Ni Nickel 5,850 5.8× Mexico (Chiapas) Obligate primary
Orthion subsessile Violaceae Ni Nickel 18,700 18.7× Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua Obligate primary
Orthion veracruzense Violaceae Ni Nickel 4,290 4.3× Mexico (Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas; also Chiapas) Facultative primary
Phyllanthus balgooyi Phyllanthaceae Ni Nickel 16,000 16× Borneo (Sabah), Philippines (Palawan) Obligate primary
Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi Phyllanthaceae Ni Nickel 25,060 25.1× Borneo (Sabah) Obligate primary
Phyllanthus securinegioides Phyllanthaceae Ni Nickel 23,300 23.3× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Psychotria costivenia Rubiaceae Ni Nickel 20,140 20.1× Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz), Guatemala Facultative primary
Psychotria gabriellae Rubiaceae Ni Nickel 63,750 63.8× New Caledonia Obligate primary
Psychotria grandis Rubiaceae Ni Nickel 11,740 11.7× Neotropics; measured specimens from Guatemala (Izabal) Facultative primary
Psychotria sarmentosa Rubiaceae Ni Nickel 24,200 24.2× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo), Philippines Obligate review
Pycnandra acuminata Sapotaceae Ni Nickel 11,700 11.7× New Caledonia Obligate primary
Rinorea bengalensis Violaceae Ni Nickel 17,500 17.5× Southeast Asia, Melanesia Facultative review
Rinorea niccolifera Violaceae Ni Nickel 18,388 18.4× Philippines (Luzon) Obligate primary
Sarcotheca celebica Oxalidaceae Ni Nickel 1,039 Indonesia (Sulawesi) Obligate review
Senecio conrathii Asteraceae Ni Nickel 2,659 2.7× South Africa (Mpumalanga, Barberton Greenstone Belt) Facultative primary
Senecio coronatus Asteraceae Ni Nickel 5,700 5.7× South Africa Facultative review
Stackhousia tryonii Celastraceae Ni Nickel 41,300 41.3× Australia (Queensland) Obligate review
Streptanthus polygaloidesmilkwort jewelflower Brassicaceae Ni Nickel 14,800 14.8× USA (California) Obligate review
Walsura pinnata Meliaceae Ni Nickel 4,580 4.6× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo) Obligate review
Xylosma luzoniensis Salicaceae Ni Nickel 5,360 5.4× Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo), Philippines (Luzon) Obligate review

Nickel news & analysis

Research, industry and conservation context for Nickel hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation.

Literature

The Ni hyperaccumulator's rhizosphere runs on its boring microbes — in Odontarrhena chalcidica, genome-scale modelling predicts that abundant "potentiator" taxa, not network keystones, carry the broader function and feed the keystones

September 20, 2026 · Jiang et al. (2026), Journal of Hazardous Materials

A Sun Yat-sen/INRAE team sequencing the Odontarrhena chalcidica rhizosphere found that keystone taxa and abundant stable "potentiator" taxa are taxonomically distinct — and metabolic modelling predicts cross-feeding support flows mainly from the potentiators to the keystones, inverting who does the heavy lifting in a designed inoculum.

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Database

Türkiye's nickel-hyperaccumulator map is mostly an evidence-quality map — a source audit of 66 published records finds only 12 can be pinned to source-supported coordinates, and 51 cannot be located more precisely than a region

September 18, 2026 · Ünver (2026), Anatolian Journal of Botany

A source-by-source audit of every published nickel-hyperaccumulator and accumulator claim for Türkiye finds that 51 of 66 evidence entries carry only regional-or-worse locality precision, that 87.5% of the country's GBIF records lack usable coordinates, and that the mappable residue — 12 localities — traces mostly to two field studies, which means the apparent geography of Anatolian nickel hyperaccumulation is an artefact of where botanists have already looked.

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Industry

Nickel agromining has a physics problem, not just a hype problem — the topsoil's labile nickel pool caps real yields near 500 kg per hectare, and the field record is a quarter of that

September 17, 2026 · van der Ent et al. (2026), Environmental Science & Technology

The field's founding scientists calculate that no natural ultramafic topsoil can supply more than ~500 kg Ni ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to any crop — and that the best whole-crop field demonstration ever, an improved Odontarrhena chalcidica cultivar in Oregon, reached 400 kg, while commercial European fields sit near 105 kg — which makes the industry's credibility, not its agronomy, the real bottleneck.

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Literature

Same playbook, 20 million years apart: non-hyperaccumulating Alyssum solves serpentine soil with the same ion-transport genes as Arabidopsis

September 16, 2026 · Celestini et al. (2026), Annals of Botany

A reciprocal-transplant plus genome-scan study in Alyssum gmelinii and A. spruneri shows that serpentine adaptation means early germination, aggressive calcium foraging and active nickel/cobalt exclusion — not hyperaccumulation — and that 13 of the selected genes are the same ones Arabidopsis arenosa uses, implying the reusable parts of the serpentine toolkit are transporters, not the hyperaccumulation syndrome.

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Literature

One tree species holds 99% of a Borneo ultramafic forest's nickel budget — and keeps it in its stems, not its leaves

September 12, 2026 · Nkrumah et al. (2026), Ecological Research

A destructive whole-stand harvest in Sabah shows Rinorea cf. bengalensis — 83% of the biomass — carries ~99% of the plot's nickel, mostly aboveground in woody stems, making the hyperaccumulator the stand's biogeochemical pump and putting a hard, uncosted number on what agromining such a forest could yield.

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Conservation

The Odontarrhena that says no — the Pirin endemic O. orbelica excludes nickel, and that sharpens where the hyperaccumulation trait comes from

September 11, 2026 · Pavlova et al. (2026), Ecological Research

A comparative field–pot–hydroponic study of three Odontarrhena species finds that the non-serpentine Pirin endemic O. orbelica is a nickel excluder while its serpentine relatives hyperaccumulate — evidence that hyperaccumulation is edaphically coupled, not genus-wide.

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Literature

A ⁶¹Ni tracer baked into synthetic saponite exposes a quiet uptake channel in Odontarrhena chalcidica — a fifth of shoot Ni came from the amendment on a low-Ni ultramafic soil, and every bulk measurement said nothing happened

September 7, 2026 · Trimmel et al. (2026), Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Stable-isotope tracing shows Odontarrhena chalcidica quietly mined a ⁶¹Ni-labelled saponite amendment for 19.3 ± 5.0% of its shoot Ni on a low-Ni ultramafic soil (7.7 ± 1.8% on a high-Ni one) — uptake that total-Ni budgets and DGT both registered as zero.

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Industry

Shade is a metal-removal budget — a Sicilian agrivoltaic-phytoremediation study prices the metal-rich ash only as a liability

September 5, 2026 · Di Agosto et al. (2026), Environmental Science and Pollution Research

A simulation study pairing hemp, vetiver and giant reed with photovoltaic panels over Sicily's Augusta petrochemical site finds contamination and panel shade each strip 15–50% of biomass — and models the gasification ash, where the metals concentrate, strictly as a €100–200-per-tonne disposal cost.

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Database

A 52-element census of 5,474 plant samples shows hyperaccumulators are the tail of the distribution, and what number-only screens miss

September 3, 2026 · Coker et al. (2026), ACS Environmental Au

The median plant record in a new global elementome holds 1.7 mg kg⁻¹ nickel while the database mean sits at 167 — a ~98× skew that is the hyperaccumulator signal itself, and the same study's threshold screen both recovers New Caledonia's nickel flora and crowns duckweed a "cadmium hyperaccumulator".

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Literature

In a maize pot trial, oxalic acid immobilized nickel instead of mobilizing it — cutting shoot uptake by half

August 13, 2026 · AL-Huqail et al. (2026), BMC Plant Biology

Low-molecular-weight organic acids are the classic chelators for pulling metal up into harvestable shoots; in this early-access pot study high-dose oxalic acid did the reverse — lowering bioavailable soil nickel and cutting maize shoot nickel by 53% while biomass rose 40% — a reminder that the acid, the dose and the intended endpoint decide whether you extract a metal or lock it down.

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Industry

Nickel phytomining off serpentine: a hyperaccumulator, an urban soil, and a shrinking labile pool

July 29, 2026 · Giunchino, Mucciarelli, Angus, Sordello, Borrelli, Lanfranco & Calza (2026), Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances

A pot trial runs the whole agromining chain — hyperaccumulate, ash, recover the metal — on nickel-spiked urban soil, and watches the readily mobile nickel drain away as it goes, a reminder that what a pot gives up need not match aged field ground.

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Literature

Two Malagasy daisies clear the nickel bar — a Valozoro serpentine survey nominates two Asteraceae as nickel hyperaccumulators

July 27, 2026 · Rasolondraibe, Farasoa & Rabesiaka (2026), Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry

A field screen on a Madagascar nickel deposit turns up two Asteraceae above the 1,000 µg g⁻¹ threshold — extending, again, the family that already gives serpentine ecology Senecio coronatus and Berkheya, but on the strength of single samples that make these candidate records, not confirmed ones.

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